Array C Programing

Question: What is string ? How can we declare & initialize the strings?

Answer: String is a collection of characters.

A string is a sequence of characters. Any sequence or set of characters defined within double quotation symbols
is a constant string. Strings are stored in memory as ASCII codes of characters that make up the string appended with ‘\0’ (null character). ‘\0 ’ is not same as ‘0’. ASCII value of null character (‘\0 ’) is zero & value of ‘0’ is 35.

A string variable is always declared as an array. The variable is any valid C variable name the syntax for declaring a string variable is given below :

Char string-variable[size];

Where the size is the number of characters in the string-variables.

For example , consider the declaration of string variables given below:

char name[25];

char result[15];

The compiler provides a null character (‘\0’) at the end of the string while assigning a character string
to a character array.

It is possible to initialize the string variables while declaring.

For example, consider the initialization of string variable at the time of declaration as given below:

char name[6] = "School";

The variable name is a character array of 6 elements of storage. Therefore, the above initialization statement can be rewritten as follows:
char name[6] = {'S','c','h','o','o','l','\0'};

Below is the memory representation of a string "School".

 

While initializing a character array, by listing its elements as above, the null terminator ('\0') should be supplied explicitly.